![Sphaigne (Crédits : naturegirl78 - flickr) Sphaigne (Crédits : naturegirl78 - flickr)](http://www.ecobalade.fr/sites/default/files/PHOTO_taxon/naturegirl78_sphagnum.jpg)
![Sphaigne (Crédits : naturegirl78 - flickr) Sphaigne (Crédits : naturegirl78 - flickr)](http://www.ecobalade.fr/sites/default/files/PHOTO_taxon/naturegirl78_sphagnum_0.jpg)
![Sphaigne (Crédits : Jean-Etienne Minh Duy Poirrier - flickr) Sphaigne (Crédits : Jean-Etienne Minh Duy Poirrier - flickr)](http://www.ecobalade.fr/sites/default/files/PHOTO_taxon/jean-etienne_minh-duy_poirrier_sphaigne.jpg)
![Sphaigne (Crédits : Olive Titus - flickr) Sphaigne (Crédits : Olive Titus - flickr)](http://www.ecobalade.fr/sites/default/files/PHOTO_taxon/sphaignes_credit-olive_titus-_flickr.jpg)
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.68;text-align: justify;margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:9pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8cb9725c-7fff-a102-4fef-f499d2877c96"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les sphaignes sont des </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">mousses de grandes tailles</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> dont les parties vivantes peuvent atteindre 5 cm de long. Les sphaignes se</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> développent</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> dans les </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">zones humides</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> : marais, tourbières, landes humides, parois rocheuses suintantes... Il existe plus de 35 espèces de sphaignes en France. La sphaigne joue un </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">rôle important</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> au moment de la </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">formation des tourbières</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Certaines sphaignes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> tapissent</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> d’abord les </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sols acides</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> longuement engorgés. Plus tard, si les conditions sont réunies, d’autres espèces plus rares viennent coloniser la végétation en place et </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">édifient progressivement des buttes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, véritables coussins mousseux de couleur </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">verte</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> orange </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ou</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> rouge</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, pouvant atteindre un mètre de haut. Ces buttes dépendent d’une alimentation suffisante en eau de pluie. C’est pourquoi la diversité en sphaignes et les tourbières elles-mêmes sont surtout présentes dans les massifs montagneux et en Bretagne, plus arrosés à longueur d’année qu’ailleurs. Les</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> évolutions climatiques</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> annoncées risquent d’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">impacter fortement</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> la situation de </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ces milieux</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> très originaux.</span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.68;text-align: justify;margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:9pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8cb9725c-7fff-a102-4fef-f499d2877c96"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La couleur des sphaignes dépend de l'espèce. Vous pouvez en observer avec des teintes plus ou moins rouges mais également certaines sont entièrement vertes. Beaucoup de sphaignes sont </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dioïques</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (sexes séparés). Elles forment occasionnellement des</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> sporophytes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">stade du cycle de reproduction des plantes qui produit des </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">spores</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Les sporophytes forment des petites capsules brunes. L’identification des espèces relève de spécialistes qui utilisent bien souvent des critères microscopiques.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
![Sphaigne (Crédits : naturegirl78 - flickr)](http://www.ecobalade.fr/sites/default/files/landscape/naturegirl78_sphagnum.jpg)
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